A summary of the stage lighting scheme of China National Grand Theatre

[Abstract]

This paper briefly introduces the stage lighting design, equipment configuration, system integration and new technology application of the National Grand Theater of China

Key words: network travel, system storage, capacity expansion, two-way management, closed-loop optical fiber, dual network transmission, redundancy tracking, SST sine wave, virtual design, offline editing

1、 Project background:

The National Grand Theater of China is a large-scale modern cultural facility invested and built by the Chinese government in the 21st century,

It is known as "the first palace of art in China". The total construction area is about 217500 square meters (including nearly 46600 square meters of underground garage), including 105000 square meters of main buildings and 60000 square meters of underground auxiliary facilities. Located in the heart of Beijing, along the West Chang'an Street, adjacent to the Great Hall of the people and Tian'anmen Square.

The main building of NCPA is composed of external enclosure structure and supporting facilities such as internal opera house, concert hall, theater and corresponding art gallery, performing arts research and exchange department, art shop, fast food restaurant, coffee shop and underground parking lot. On the ground floor, there are three buildings: the opera house, the concert hall and the theater. They are separated by roads and connected with each other by suspended corridors. It is as if the ground building on the water is a huge shell, covering, sheltering, surrounding and illuminating all the halls and passages. The reflection of the building in the water constitutes the external landscape of the Grand Theater.

There are three theaters in the Grand Theater, including the opera house in the middle, the concert hall in the East and the 1200 theater in the West. The opera house mainly performs opera, ballet and dance drama, with 2416 seats; the concert hall mainly performs symphony, folk music and concerts, with an audience of 2017; the Opera Theatre is the theater with the most national characteristics of the National Grand Theatre, with a warm, warm and traditional atmosphere set off by the silk wall, creating a theater atmosphere with Chinese characteristics. It is mainly used for Opera (including Beijing Opera and various local operas), drama and folk song and dance. There are 1035 auditoriums in the auditorium.

Theatre has the most advanced stage in the world. The stage can be changed from frame stage to telescopic stage. It has main stage, left and right auxiliary stage and rear stage. The drum type turntable on the main stage consists of 13 lifting blocks and 2 lifting platforms, which can be lifted and lowered as a whole or separately. This drum type turntable is unique in the world and can achieve the stage effect of rotating while lifting. The unique protruding lip design is very consistent with the characteristics of traditional Chinese drama performance.

This paper mainly introduces the stage lighting control system.

2、 Design index of stage lighting control system

In order to design a stage lighting system of a modern theater, the architectural structure and function of the theater should be considered

Besides, it is also necessary to analyze and study the use of the theater and how to arrange the repertoire to be staged in the future, and to consider the most complex forms of stage lighting. On the basis of fully absorbing the experience of successful cases in this field and combining with the stage design practice at home and abroad, the stage lighting system suitable for the special purpose of the theater and convenient for the performance groups at home and abroad is selected. The design index shall meet the following requirements:

Dual network and four backup digital lighting control system, working power in the network wire rod swimming;

The main and standby dimmers are fully tracked and backed up;

Network speed: 1gt bit / S;

Output power: maximum 10 kW, minimum 3 kW, maximum output voltage adjustable;

Anti interference index of dimming cabinet: 400us (230V), the density will not change when the current load is increased to 100A;

Trigger accuracy: 16 bit 4000 level.

3、 Function and management requirements of stage lighting control system

1. The process design and equipment configuration of the system has the comprehensive use function of drama theater, which can meet the requirements of Opera (including Beijing Opera and various local operas), drama, folk song and dance and other large-scale variety shows, and can change the lighting operation design of different types of drama in a short time.

2. The system allows the use of all types of lamps and other supplementary equipment.

3. The system design has enough security and storage capacity, and the whole system will not interrupt the main power supply

On the premise of the console and lighting equipment for continuous diagnostic inspection.

4. The equipment in the system fully meets the technical requirements of the theater stage background noise.

5. The expansion capability of the system is reserved intentionally at the beginning of the system design, such as power silicon control capacity, network

Network capacity, when more funds or new technologies appear in the future, the system will not be modified or updated in large area due to insufficient design, so as to meet the needs of saving money and quickly adapting to changes.

4、 Overall technical scheme of the system

1. Design idea of lighting system

The stage lighting system of China National Grand Theatre adopts digital, intelligent and networked dimming system, which is the integration of a new generation of high-speed network and intelligent digital dimming equipment. At present, it has been used in many national theaters in the world, such as Paris Opera House and Singapore National Grand Theatre. The system adopts the ring network structure which is more popular and mature in the world at present. The additional network digital dimming form, that is, the backbone network adopts the Gigabit ring network, which can transmit signals from both sides of the loop at the same time, and increases the bidirectional management of the dimming equipment by the network, so as to realize mutual supervision and resource sharing between the dimming equipment and the whole network system equipment The network digital dimming system has basically the same digital dimming transmission mode as the full digital dimming transmission mode in the digital trigger mode, so it has the function of multi site and field backup on the basis of maintaining the excellent characteristics of the all digital dimming system. It is especially suitable for the expansion and number of connections between devices in close cooperation, and has the function of reporting system operation status and important parameters, which enhances the reliability and monitoring function of the system. This form of network connection may connect multiple computer consoles into a local area network at any time. Each light console in the network system is a station, which can be operated independently, and the form of main console and backup console and wireless control can be set arbitrarily according to the needs. In the system, multiple people can control the same performance or different performances at different control points, It greatly improves the efficiency of the lighting system.

See network equipment configuration and network hub diagram for details.

2. Light control network structure

The lighting network control system of the National Grand Theater uses optical fiber as the main trunk network for long-distance network transmission, and wireless, Ethernet and DMX networks are used as auxiliary network transmission. The whole control system is controlled by Ethernet / DMX512 / 1990, which is controlled by TCP / IP protocol and USITT DMX512 / 1990. The characteristics of this network connection are as follows: first, the transmission speed is fast; second, the system capacity is unlimited and the transmission distance is far; third, the anti-interference performance is good, and the line is well isolated at both ends; fourth, it has good versatility, and its software and hardware and equipment are more standardized, and the technology is more popular; The main road network is responsible for data transmission and system connection between lighting network workstations. The equipment is mainly composed of network server, network switch, hub and various terminal equipment. Among them, network application / management server, network switch or hub are all standard Ethernet network equipment, and terminal equipment related to Ethernet control system includes computer terminal and network coding/ Decoder, network dimmer (including computer dimmer, computer lamp console, environmental lighting controller, etc.), network dimming silicon cabinet, monitoring equipment and load (conventional lighting, computer lamp, field lamp, etc.)/ The light control system is distributed in a star shape, and the signals are concentrated in the SCR room, and Ethernet nodes are distributed through the hub, and five types of Ethernet signal lines are used for data transmission medium; the DMX signal is provided by many sn110 network nodes in the network. Each sn110 has an LCD display to provide information indication and two DMX interfaces. All sn110's working power supply is directly provided from the network cable (international standard IEEE 802.3af). All portable network units can be directly connected with the network interface of the wall by plug-in and powered on. Through the strand sn110 node (network node), the Ethernet control signal can be converted to each other, and it can be reasonably distributed in each of the theater's dmxsignal nodes. The lighting network configuration has special network configuration software, which can uniformly configure and modify each information node in the network. The network has Ethernet control, DMX control, wireless remote control, and can access to the field light control system and environmental lighting control system.

In the stage lighting design of theatres, strand Shownet technology, which is the world's first developed and increasingly mature technology, is now in the leading position in the world. From the beginning, the technology successfully combines the Ethernet technology with the traditional lighting control technology, and systematically integrates and expands the lighting control technology. All the stage lighting digital control system equipment of the National Grand Theater is controlled by the system, and there is no signal compatibility problem. Strand Shownet configuration network configuration editing software enables the system to place data arbitrarily through a humanized interface, avoiding the tedious task of updating the system from one node to another. The software can assign and assign all Ethernet location information, IP, gateway, multicast group and branch network information to each node by setting. It completely integrates the lighting control system into the network system and integrates it seamlessly, which makes the lighting network control easier and easier.

In order to ensure the reliability and stability of the system, UPS is used in each lighting center control room. To provide the load with stable frequency, stable voltage, uninterrupted high quality pure sine wave alternating current. The system can effectively overcome the common power quality problems caused by the direct power supply from the external power grid, such as the voltage is too high, too low, the power grid surge or transient spike, the power line clutter interference, power supply interruption or instantaneous power failure, so as to ensure the normal operation of instruments and equipment, and prevent the loss of data in the computer and data processing system.

3. Design of dimming circuit

There are 421 3KW dimming channels (including 30 sine wave control channels), 451 5kW dimming channels and 21 10kW dimming channels. A total of 893 dimming silicon circuits (including 30 sine wave channels) and 163 straight-through circuits are set up in the theater, which are distributed at the junction of each lamp position. Considering that it is possible to install lamps and lanterns at any required position on the stage to meet the requirements of various world-class large-scale performances, a large number of Ethernet contacts, DMS contacts and various types of lighting power supply are reserved in the main positions of the stage. The dimming circuit has the characteristics of high power, multi loop, various specifications and forms.

5、 Consideration of system integration and equipment selection

1. Lighting system equipment integration

The integration of lighting control system equipment of National Grand Theater adopts the world famous brand with good reputation and high reliability. In the control part, a large number of products from strand are selected. The products selected are CE, UL or cul certification, and ISO9001 international certification.

2 、Equipment selection and function description

1) Dimming console

The picture on the right shows the strand 550i computer dimming stage. One master and one auxiliary control station are selected for the theater. Redundancy tracking can be made between the main console and the auxiliary console through the network. Once the main console fails, the auxiliary console can automatically cut in from this point in an instant, automatically execute the show before the automatic execution, and then output the performance information to ensure the uninterrupted performance process, In addition, two strand 520i computer dimmers are provided for stage supervision, programming and audience dimming.

The band 550i and 520i dimmers are the most advanced Pentium processors in the world, with a maximum of 6000 optical paths, 2000 color changers or computer light attributes, a maximum of 18000 control loops, 2000 fields, 1000 groups, 2000 macros, 600 × 99 step lighting effects, 99 lamp databases, 3000 SMPTE events, and 9 remote videos. The data of control loop can be partitioned and recorded. It provides a perfect and convenient working platform for lighting designers, which greatly meets their creative desire; five programmable dimming curves can be set in any thyristor circuit or silicon circuit group in the whole system, and the curves can be dimmed with more than 100 setting points, which can meet the needs of stage high-precision lighting creation. It can fully meet the needs of users for future expansion and technology upgrading, and can maintain the technology leading position for more than 5 years.

(2) Dimming silicon cabinet

The figure on the left is the outline of the large intelligent dimming vertical cabinet of strand ec21. The main body of the cabinet is a complete network; it can take over the remote control by hand; it has 128 backup fields; its biggest feature is that it can automatically analyze the harmonic of the power grid to adjust the optimal trigger angle position, and ensure that the output voltage error is less than 1V within the range of 90-240v input voltage To solve the uneven dimming and light flicker caused by voltage instability in the performance; control the reaction time as fast as 16 ms; allow three-phase cross connection and three-phase input correction; with the priority configuration function of dmxs, it can realize the complete connection of dmxs; the trigger accuracy is 16 bits and 4000 levels; the standard impulse withstand value is as high as 100000ic The anti-interference ability of magnetic ring is the strongest among the international counterparts (up to 635us / 230V), It has dual electronic tracking and backup function, that is, there are two trigger systems that can work independently. They learn from each other and back up each other to keep the dimming cabinet working continuously to ensure the normal performance; the silicon cabinet has the full load report function, and all modules (including direct module and sine wave module) have load status report, and the status display provides instantaneous information Any silicon cabinet error message can be directly displayed on each silicon cabinet and any console. The lighting operator can know the working state of the lighting system at any time through the dimmer display in the lighting control room, so as to monitor, intervene and correct the lighting system in time.

Ec21 series silicon cabinet is divided into single 50a, single 100A, double 15a and double 20A output; the voltage is 90-277v, 50 / 60Hz, international standard leakage protection device (RCD), zero center line can provide disconnection function for insulation test; optical isolation double DMX512 signal input; fan from shut-down to the highest speed (stepless speed change) is completely controlled by the use of silicon cabinet, and obtained CE, UL, cul and TUV safety certification.

(3) Computer lamp console

The special effect engine of various series of computer lamp console can provide powerful personalized effect; stepless timing control can set the delay, fade time and path of each lamp respectively; wholehog III has built-in 500Hz G4 Power PC processor, which can run Linux OS program, 256M internal storage, 20g hard disk, 650 / 700m read-write optical drive, and PS2 can be connected Interface for keyboard and mouse. The built-in power supply protection can avoid data loss caused by sudden power failure; 8192 lamp types can be used at the same time, without considering whether the manufacturer and model of lamps are the same, or even changing the lamp model after programming.

Flying pig III is equipped with two high contrast and high brightness 12.1 "TFT color touch screen displays, which can adjust the visual angle. Support 65539 kinds of cue, cuelists, scene and page commands; unlimited number of synchronous cross fade and effect, synchronous execution of unlimited number of cue, cuelist commands; support blind editing mode, can also be edited on-site; programming can be directly stored on the hard disk inside the console.

The whole system can use 100base TX high-speed Ethernet / Ethernet to upgrade the system software through the network; at the same time, it is equipped with other network expansion devices to choose from, such as the DMX processor, the MIDI / time code processor, and the projection control processor.

(4) Lighting design software

WYSIWYG image feedback system is a kind of lighting virtual design tool, it is not a kind of emission control of the DMX The dimmer of signal is a kind of simulation platform which can obtain the expected stage virtual effect on the display screen. It can help the lighting designer to combine the stage size, size and shape required for each performance on the color display by using computer virtual technology under the condition of no equipment and environment at all, or according to the existing environmental structure diagram and equipment list All types of lamps and lanterns are matched, coupled with circuits and colors to achieve all the effects of real performance. In this design library, we can make the necessary charts for lighting design and configuration, such as light circuit connection table, equipment list, property table of the DMX, light bitmap, effect drawing, etc. through the internal transformation of software, so as to simplify the process and program of combined lighting of the whole light, and make it more systematic and detailed. After the design library is set up, the hardware configured by WYSIWYG software can be used to input the dimming table, turn out the signal of DMX, and output the real light control program on the dimmer directly.

(5) Network distribution cabinet

All the lighting network equipment of the theater adopts the original equipment of strand lighting. The network distribution cabinet strictly follows the standard TCP / IP communication protocol. It has dual Gigabit Ethernet uplink. Any Ethernet point can feedback the error information of dimmer cabinet. The system regeneration time is less than 9 seconds. It has the last scene protection function of signal interruption and supports dynamic IP Address assignment: any terminal on the lighting network can be connected to professional lighting design software, with the function of image type visual display of dimming information, and real-time monitoring of all equipment status reports related to the safe use of electricity in the lighting network ）Information, real-time on-line remote monitoring of all network lighting equipment, real-time monitoring of all network lighting network equipment, can achieve centralized control function, with Routing and priority setting, with a complete solution to network control conflict, with professional management software for setting up lighting control network, all nodes and network information configuration and modification can be completed by it, no need to reset each node, arbitrarily set DMX512 It can be assigned to IP address, remote control network and remote control node at any time.

6、 Some new technical features adopted in the scheme

This paper summarizes the stage lighting control system of National Grand Theater from the following aspects: new design, new technology and new equipment:

(1) New design:

The lighting control network system adopts double network and four backup transmission, Ethernet and DMX512 / 1990. The whole control system strictly follows TCP / IP communication protocol and USITT DMX512 / 1990. Meet the future ACN protocol. The data transmission medium is optical fiber and CAT5 Ethernet signal line, and the DMX signal is provided by many sn110 network nodes in the network. All sn110's working power supply is directly provided by the network cable from the network. All portable network units can be directly connected with the network interface of the wall by plug-in and powered on. Through the strand sn110 network node, the Ethernet control signal is converted to the DMS signal, and the signal is distributed in each of the theater's dmxsignal nodes. The lighting network configuration has special network configuration software, which can uniformly configure and modify each information node in the network. The network has Ethernet control, DMX control, wireless remote control, and can access to the field light control system and environmental lighting control system.

The control signal has strict and effective real-time full tracking backup to ensure that everything is safe. Four network distribution cabinets are designed for the stage lighting system, which form a closed-loop network with optical fiber.

(2) New technology:

SST sine wave dimmer works at high frequency. Its standard state at the beginning of design is the volume space of a module variable to implement 3 kW SST dimming for each circuit. After the capacity is doubled, the surface area of heat sink of IGBT inside the power element is increased to 2.5 times of that of standard module, so that the heat of power element can be fully released. Combined with the traction of intelligent fan, the heat energy is brought outside the cabinet to convection with air. In the heat detection of SST module, when 48 modules are placed in 3KW full load, and the dimming temperature is 20% (this is the dimming point with the maximum heat generation) at room temperature of 25 ℃, it is found that the surface temperature of the parts is 58 ℃ (the maximum acceptable working temperature of the parts is 125 ℃), which has been maintained for 24 hours In the same configuration, the dimming point is set at 100% (maximum brightness), and the surface temperature of power element is reduced to 49 ℃. It is proved that under the most severe application condition of "full load", plus the actual application, the heat generation will decrease according to the reduction of load power.

Sine wave dimming has more perfect, more intelligent and humanized characteristics, no higher harmonic generation, no need for various isolation, shielding and other measures, saving construction costs and maintenance costs; no longer interfere with its audio and video equipment, no overload phenomenon.

(3) New equipment:

Select advanced technology, energy saving, environmental protection system equipment, including dimmable silicon cabinet using the world famous brand STRAND EC21. The silicon cabinet is a more advanced intelligent dimming vertical cabinet developed on the basis of CD80 SV silicon cabinet which is widely used in the world. Its biggest application feature is that it can automatically analyze the harmonic of the power grid to make the best trigger angle position, and solve the uneven dimming and light flicker phenomenon caused by voltage instability or interference in the performance; the anti-interference ability of magnetic ring is up to 635us (230V), and the trigger accuracy is 16 bit 4000 level.

8、 Application of the project

Leaders' attention, careful planning, professional design, reasonable selection and construction specifications have injected vitality into the construction of the lighting adjustment project of the National Grand Theater. On September 30, 2007, the drama theater ushered in her first performance on behalf of the National Grand Theater, the classic drama Teahouse. Although this is a film that has been on for more than half a century, there are 500 There are many old plays, but almost every audience is very excited. It seems that they have entered the art paradise. In the past half a year, the theater has received thousands of visitors from domestic and foreign peers and theater builders, and performed dozens of performances at home and abroad. It is generally affirmed that the project system has stable performance, accurate data transmission, convenient and intuitive operation, and has a modern lighting control system of the theater The scale and high-grade equipment, standardized construction management and project quality are highly evaluated.